Public:Comonads

\( \require{HTML} \newcommand\seArrow{\style{display: inline-block; transform: rotate(45deg)}{\Rightarrow}} \newcommand\searrow{\style{display: inline-block; transform: rotate(45deg)}{\to}} \newcommand\seEq{\style{display: inline-block; transform: rotate(45deg)}{=}} \newcommand\Id{\mathrm{Id}} \newcommand\id{\mathrm{id}} \newcommand\fcmp{\mathbin{;}} \renewcommand\epsilon{\varepsilon} \)

UNDER CONSTRUCTION

Different representations

Recall that a comonad on a category \(\mathcal{A}\) is a triple \((C,\epsilon,\delta)\) such that

1. \(C\colon \mathcal{A} \to \mathcal{A}\) is a functor,
2. \(\epsilon\colon C \Rightarrow \mathrm{Id}_\mathcal{A}\) is a natural transformation,
3. \(\delta\colon C \Rightarrow C^2\) is a natural transformation, and
4. the following diagrams commute

\[ \begin{array}{rcl} C & \overset{\delta}\Rightarrow & C^2 \\ {}_\delta\Downarrow & & \Downarrow {}_{\delta_C} \\ C^2 & \overset{C\delta}\Rightarrow & C^3 \end{array} \qquad \qquad \begin{array}{rrl} C & \overset{\delta}\Rightarrow & C^2 \\ & {}_{\id}\seArrow & \Downarrow {}_{\epsilon_C} \\ & & C \end{array} \qquad \qquad \begin{array}{rrl} C & \overset{\delta}\Rightarrow & C^2 \\ & {}_{\mathrm{id}}\seArrow & \Downarrow {}_{C\epsilon} \\ & & C \end{array} \]

Equivalently, it can be represented as a Kleisli-Manes triple \((C, \epsilon, \overline{(-)})\) such that

1. \(C\) is a mapping \(\mathrm{obj}(\mathcal{A}) \to \mathrm{obj}(\mathcal{A})\)
2. \(\epsilon\) is a collection of morphisms \(\epsilon_A\colon C(A) \to A\), for every object \(A\in \mathcal A\)
3. for every morphism \(f\colon C(A)\to B\) in \(\mathcal A\) we have a morphism \(\overline f\colon C(A)\to C(B)\) such that
   • (C1) \(\ \overline{\epsilon_A} = \id_{C(A)}\) for all objects \(A\in \mathcal{A}\)
   • (C2) \(\ \overline f \fcmp \epsilon_B = f\) for all morphisms \(f\colon C(A) \to B\)
   • (C3) \(\ \overline{\overline f \fcmp g} = \overline f \fcmp \overline g\) for all morphisms \(f\colon C(A) \to B\) and \(g\colon C(B) \to E\)

Here \(f \fcmp g\) is the diagramatic composition of arrows, equivalent to the more standard \(g \circ f\).

To transfer from the standard representation to the Kleisli-Manes we assign:

• \((C,\epsilon,\delta) \mapsto (C, \epsilon, \overline{(-)}) \) where \(\overline f = \delta_A \fcmp C(f)\) for every \(f\colon C(A) \to B\)

And conversely:

• \((C, \epsilon, \overline{(-)}) \mapsto (C,\epsilon,\delta)\) where, for a morphism \(f\colon A \to B\), the morphism \(C(f)\colon C(A) \to C(B)\) is \(\overline{\epsilon_A \fcmp f}\) and \(\delta_A\) is equal to \(\overline{\id_{C(A)}}\).

Monad morphism

\[ \array{ x & \stackrel{\eta^s x}{\to} & s x \\ x \eta^t \downarrow & & \downarrow \lambda \\ x t & \stackrel{1}{\to} & x t }\qquad \qquad \array{ s s x & \stackrel{s \lambda}{\to} & s x t & \stackrel{\lambda t}{\to} & x t t \\ \mu^s x \downarrow & & & & \downarrow x \mu^t \\ s x & & \stackrel{\lambda}{\to} & & x t } \]

In particular, if the two comonads \(C,D\) are on the same category \(\mathcal A\) a comonad morphism \(t\colon C\to D\) is required to satisfy the two following diagrams \begin{align} \begin{array}{rcl} C & \overset{t}\to & D \\ & {}_{\epsilon^C}\searrow & \downarrow_{\epsilon^D} \\ & & \Id \end{array} \qquad \qquad \begin{array}{rcl} C & --- & -\overset{t}-- & \to & D \\ {}_{\delta^C}\downarrow & & & & \downarrow {}_{\delta^D} \\ C^2 & \overset{C(t)}\to & C\circ D & \overset{t_D}\to & D^2 \end{array} \label{eq:com-morph} \end{align}